HSC 159 Principles of Biology
An examination of the basic concepts of ecology, cellular organization, metabolism, genetics, development and evolution, and their application to current problems. Fulfi lls NN and PJ core requirements. 4 credits

HSC 225 Comparative Anatomy
Designed to provide the Biology major with a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the members of the Phylum Chordata. Through lectures and laboratory dissection, students examine the diverse nature of chordate structure and appreciate the mechanisms of evolution that have produced these features. Prerequisites: HSC 159. 4 credits

HSC 250 Genetics
An investigation of the maintenance, inheritance, transfer, and expression of genetic information at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels. Includes Mendelian genetics, bacterial genetics, the structure and function of chromosomes and genes, recombination and mutation, the control of gene expression, and population genetics. Provides a brief introduction to genetic engineering and biotechnology. Prerequisite: HSC 159. 4 credits

HSC 260 Botany
An introduction to the study of the plant kingdom. Observing development from a simple cell to a structurally and functionally complex multicellular organism. Emphasizes human dependence on plants for food, oxygen, and drugs as well as the aesthetic and economic values. Highlights current research in gene activity, photosynthesis, respiration and growth substances. Prerequisite: HSC 159. 4 credits

HSC 261 Zoology
Provides an understanding of the diversity, taxonomy, ecology, and behavior of many phyla of animals. Allows the student to survey the diversity of animal forms in the environment and the contributions, both positive and negative, that they make to our everyday lives. Prerequisite: HSC 159. 4 credits

HSC 262 Environmental Studies
An introduction to the study of organisms in their natural environment. Students learn the dynamics of energy fl ow and nutrient cycling through ecosystems, as well as ecological processes operating at the individual, population, and community levels of organization. An emphasis is placed on environmental health and the role of humans as stewards of the environment. One weekend fi eld trip is planned during the term. Prerequisite: HSC 159. 4 credits

HSC 310 Cell Biology
Study of the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms by which cells function: membrane transport, metabolism and ATP production, DNA replication, protein synthesis, cell movement, and division. Laboratories introduce students to cell culture, microscopy, centrifugation, electrophoresis, spectrophotometry, and other techniques used to study cells. Prerequisite: HSC 159. 4 credits

HSC 335 Microbiology and Immunology
A comprehensive examination of the Biology of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Emphasis is placed on the bases of microbial diseases, their control, prevention, treatment, and host defenses including immune responses and immunotherapies. Includes practical experience in bacteriological and immunological lab techniques. Prerequisite: HSC 159. 4 credits

HSC 339 Pharmacology
This course is designed to provide the student with an in-depth understanding of the pharmacologic principles to particular medical issues. Receptor mechanisms are applied as they relate to the therapeutic application of drugs. The major side effects and adverse reactions of commonly used drugs. Descriptions of drugs classifi ed as autonomic, central nervous system, cardiovascular, endocrine, and chemotherapeutic agents are studied. Prerequisite: HSC 159. 3 credits